💉Injection techniques💉
Part -1
Common sites for injection:-
1) I.M - Intramuscular
2) S.C - Subcutaneous
3) I.V - Intravenous
4) I.D- Intradermal
Layers of tissues:-
1) Epidermis
2) Dermis
3)subcutaneous tissue
4) Muscle
5) Periosteal layer
Intra-Muscular:-
Intra-Muscular injection is given at 90 degree to the surface.
Location:-
1) Deltoid muscle
2) Vastus lateralis muscle
3) Gluteal muscle (buttock)
Intra-Muscular at deltoid:
The deltoid muscle is a large, rounded, triangular shape.
Deltoid is comparitively small muscle so can only hold 1-2ml of solution.
To ensure vaccines/injection are safe and effective, it’s important to prepare and administer them correctly:
-Follow aseptic technique.
-Use a new needle and syringe for each injection.
-Perform hand hygiene before vaccine preparation, between patients, when changing gloves (if worn), and any time hands become soiled.
Procedure:
(always follow aseptic technique.)
1) Clean the injection site from inner to outward in increasing concentric circle by alcohol swab or spirit.
2) Take infusion in syringe from ampule Or vial.
3) Do not expose the needle or contaminate it.
4) Identify acromion process (which is the bony point at the end of the shoulder.)
5) Place two finger of one hand below acromion .
6) With the help of thumb and index finger of other hand make a triangle with two finger of first hand making base and thumb and index finger of other hand making sides.
7) Inject the syringe at centre of the triangle.
8) After injecting take the syringe out at the same angle.
9) If muscle mass of patient is less than raise the muscle with the help of finger and thumb and then inject so injection do not hit the bone.
Or
1) Follow aseptic technique.
2)place 3 finger below acromion and inject below and centre of third finger.
Gloves are not required unless the person administering the vaccine is likely to come in contact with potentially infectious body fluids or has open lesions on the hands. If worn, perform hand hygiene and change gloves between patients.
*Use the correct syringe and needle:- Administer vaccine using either a 1-mL or 3-mL syringe. Use a 22- to 25-gauge needle. Use the correct needle length based on the patient’s gender and weight. For adults, use a 1- to 1.5-inch needle.
*Some experts recommend a 5/8-inch needle for men and women who weigh less than 60 kg (130 lbs). If used, the skin must be stretched fully and the subcutaneous tissues must not be bunched.
If administering more than one vaccine in the same arm, separate the injection sites by 1 inch if possible.
Vaccine Administration:
Intramuscular (IM) Injection Adults 19 years of age and older
Administer these vaccines by IM injection:
-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
-Hepatitis A (HepA)
-Hepatitis B (HepB)
-Hepatitis A and hepatitis B (HepA-HepB)
-Human papillomavirus (HPV vaccine)
-Influenza vaccine, inactivated (IIV)
- Influenza vaccine, recombinant (RIV4)
-Meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY)
- Meningococcal serogroup B (MenB)
-Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13)
- Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23) *May also be administered by subcutaneous injection.
- Tetanus and diphtheria toxoid (Td)
-Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap)
- Zoster, recombinant (RZV)
